Concept: negative polarity item

Definition

A negative polarity item is a form which may occur in the scope of a clausal negation meaning (of the same clause or of a superordinate clause) that is expressed by some other negative form and which may not occur in affirmative declarative independent clauses.

Comments

The definition is from Haspelmath (2025: 63).

Wikipedia
polarity item
Quotation
"Negative polarity items are expressions (either words or idiomatic phrases) with a limited distribution, part of which always includes negative sentences." (Hoeksema 2000: 115)
Sources
Haspelmath 2025; Hoeksema 2000