Concept: root

Definition

A root is a contentful °morph (i.e. a morph denoting an °action, an °object or a °property) that can occur as part of a °free form without another contentful morph.

Comments

The definition was first given in Haspelmath (2023: 287) and is discussed in detail in Haspelmath (2025). ❡

Other definitions of root make reference to word, e.g. "the unanalyzable core of a word", but since word cannot be easily defined, it is better to define root in terms of the most important meanings. Including other meanings is not necessary, because these never behave in a special way.

Wikipedia
root (linguistics)
SIL Glossary
root
Quotation
“root: the part of a word that is left after all affixes have been removed. Roots may be free bases, as is frequently the case in English, or bound morphemes, as is the case in Latin.” (Lieber 2009: 204) "root: The basic form from which another is derived by internal change or by addition of inflectional or derivational morphemes." (Aronoff & Fudeman 2011: 269)
Sources
Haspelmath 2025; Lieber 2009