(By Matti Miestamo): "The term standard negation refers to the basic way(s) a language has for negating declarative verbal main clauses. In symmetric negation affirmative and negative structures are identical except for the presence of the negative marker(s), whereas in asymmetric negation the structure of negatives differs from the structure of affirmatives in various other ways too. Structural differences, i.e. asymmetry, can be found either between the affirmative and negative constructions or between the paradigms that the affirmative and negative constructions form. These distinctions are defined and illustrated in connection with Map 113A, which shows the geographical distribution of symmetric and asymmetric standard negation."